ABSTRACT
This chapter presents, categorizes, critically analyses and synthesizes the most relevant research regarding climate change (CC) and development challenges in relation to groundwater resources in the Nile Delta (ND). The quality of the groundwater in this area may be strongly affected by the impact of sea level rise (SLR) combined with changes of Nile River flows, leading to an increase in the salinity levels of groundwater. The SLR along the Egyptian coast has been studied by many scientists. The ND was extensively studied from geological, hydro-chemical and hydrological aspects. Many research studies have been implemented in the ND leading to identification of the characteristics of the aquifer. Many researchers used chemical and isotopic analyses to detect the salinity of the groundwater aquifer as diagnostic tools for identifying the origin of the dissolved salts. Various numerical techniques were used to assess and simulate the saltwater intrusion (SWI) in the ND.
