ABSTRACT
Satellite navigation systems have several layers of infrastructure, such as core GNSS, augmentation of GNSS (satellite-based and ground-based), and regional navigation satellite systems. This chapter briefly focuses on these various systems. It documents satellite-based augmentation systems (EGNOS, WAAS, MSAS, GAGAN, OmniSTAR, StarFire, etc.), ground-based augmentation systems (LAAS, DGPS, CentrePoint RTX, HxGN SmartNet, etc.), regional navigation satellite systems (QZSS and IRNSS/NAVIC), inertial navigation system, and pseudolite. This chapter also incorporates interoperability and integrity concepts of GNSS. Interoperability of GNSS deals with multi-constellation use of GNSS (e.g., GPS + GLONASS), and the integrity of GNSS is a reliability indicator of the quality of positioning.
