ABSTRACT
One-dimensional (1D) laminar flow models of Newtonian or Non-Newtonian bile in the biliary tract with compliant or rigid wall in Chapters 2 and 3 were generalised in non-dimensional form in terms of cystic duct (CD). 1D fluid-structure interaction (FSI) computations on CDs were conducted. Furthermore, three-dimensional (3D) models of CDs were created and 3D FSI computations were launched in software ADINA (automatic dynamic incremental nonlinear analysis software) to gain CD wall deformation and bile flow details in CDs during emptying phase. It was demonstrated that the elastic CD can develop a larger pressure drop than the rigid duct for Newtonian and non-Newtonian bile. And the non-Newtonian bile with shear-thinning behaviour always encounters a larger pressure drop than the Newtonian bile in both elastic and rigid CDs. Even though the baffles in a CD can raise the pressure drop, they avoid severe collapse of CD and allow a smaller open pressure compared to one without baffles.
