ABSTRACT
The demand for high-quality drinking water is growing dramatically throughout the world, particularly with a rise in urbanisation and population growth. In the last few decades, a growing variety of environmental contaminants have been detected at elevated concentrations in freshwater resources including organic compounds such as humic acids, compounds used in personal care products, pesticides, insecticides, pharmaceuticals, and synthetic chemicals; and inorganic chemicals such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and metals. Bank filtration (BF) is regarded as a simple and sustainable technique that can provide good-quality drinking water. BF has long been used as a multi-objective natural treatment technology that eliminates much of the surface water contamination. BF has been utilised by several water supply companies in Europe and North America for the production of drinking water. The use of BF has expanded in developing countries in recent years, including Kenya, Malawi, Bosnia, Russia, Egypt, India, Korea, and China.
