ABSTRACT
The distinct element method (DEM) is also known as the discrete element method. The objective of DEM is to take rock joints into account in the determination of rock block motions that collectively define the motion of a jointed rock mass system subject to forces of gravity, contact forces between adjacent rock blocks, and externally applied forces. DEM is now in two forms: block DEM and particle DEM. Elements in block DEM may now be polygons and polyhedrons in two-dimensional and three-dimensional systems, respectively, as well as disks and spheres. Block DEM elements were originally rigid bodies, but may be deformable. A third hybrid form using clusters of bonded particles has also been developed in two-dimensional and three-dimensional programs. Particles in the particle flow programs may be polygons, disks, polyhedrons, or spheres and may fracture and fail during an analysis.
