ABSTRACT
Topography is defined as science applied to measuring and representing with planimetry and altimetry a part of the environment with improvements on its surface. As surveying science and techniques advanced, the term “geomatics” emerged as a need to more broadly encompass methods of mathematical modeling, georeferencing, cartographic representation, and geoinformation for surveying terrestrial environments using modern surveying equipment and methods. In the computation practice, some basic topics of R package installation settings and some units of measure used in evaluations of distance, angles, and conversion of units into products or rates, scales, and graphical error are presented. R version, the operating system used throughout the book, as well as a method for searching R packages by keywords are practiced.
