ABSTRACT
Several load and non-load elements cause the lifespan of concrete to decrease due to degradation and the formation of cracks in concrete structures. Thus, lifespan of concrete structures can be prolonged via the prevention and healing of crack formations, as well as general maintenance activities. Nevertheless, materials used for repairs and anthropogenic activities cause pollution, the sites in need of repair are often impossible to reach, and labor and capital are needed to carry out maintenance operations. The need for manual intervention can be diminished via the autonomous healing approach. Much international academic attention has been placed upon such approaches that offer an environmentally friendly solution to plugging crack formations via carbonate precipitation provoked by the bacteria. Assessing the efficacy of self-healing of crack formations following the incorporation of bacteria encapsulated in a protective capsule or combined directly with the concrete is one of the research objectives of this chapter. Sealing ability and recovery of durability and mechanical properties is one of the core elements to ascertain the efficacy of bacterial autonomous healing. The other three core factors consist of the survival of capsules during concrete mixing, encapsulation of bio-agents and capsule material, and the impact of added capsules or bio-agents on concrete properties. Finally, areas for future study and gaps in the literature are determined and explored.
