ABSTRACT
Soil fertility is a complex characteristic governing the availability of nutrients in soil buffer, which can also be managed by the external application of nutrients organically or inorganically. The capacity of soil to provide nutrients to plants instantly is considered for short term productivity, while various physical and chemical properties of soil are considered substantially dealing soil fertility in terms of the highest level of productivity. Sand, loamy sand, silt, sandy loam, loam, silt loam, sandy clay loam, clay loam, silty clay loam, sandy clay, silty clay and clay 12 different classes of soil described based on the texture. Soil structure describes about the aggregation of particles of sand, silt, and arrangement of maco and micro-pores within soil particles. Soil structure has direct influence on air-water movement and their availability and, biological activities, which ultimately decide the overall performance of a crop. The crop residues added into the surface of soil are not considered as part of Soil Organic Matter.
