ABSTRACT
Runtime is a computing environment that is necessary for the execution of a computer program and is available during the execution of a computer program. In the runtime environment, it is usually impossible to change the source code of the program, but there may be access to the operating system environment variables, object tables, and shared library modules. For compiled languages, interaction with the computing environment can be implemented by a set of plug-in shared runtime libraries, or entirely in a virtual machine that executes the intermediate code into which the program is compiled. Namespace-creating declarations create namespaces that contain names that are accessible through the dot syntax. The type-creating declarations create a type with the described form that is bound to the specified name. The simplest and perhaps most commonly used type of merge is interface merge. At the simplest level, such a merge mechanically merges the members of both declarations into a single interface with the same name.
