ABSTRACT
This chapter provides microbiology fundamentals specifically targeting the needs of water and wastewater specialists. A flagellum is a threadlike appendage extending outward from the plasma membrane and cell wall. In addition to serving as an osmotic barrier that passively regulates the passage of material into and out of the cell, the plasma membrane participates in the entire active transport of various substances into the bacterial cell. The cytoplasm is a water-based fluid containing ribosomes, ions, enzymes, nutrients, storage granules (under certain circumstances), waste products, and various molecules involved in synthesis, energy metabolism, and cell maintenance. The simplest wholly contained life systems are bacteria or prokaryotes, which are the most diverse group of microorganisms. The major groups of protozoans are based on their method of locomotion (motility). The viruses of most concern to the waterworks operator are the pathogens that cause hepatitis, viral gastroenteritis, and poliomyelitis.
