ABSTRACT
This chapter begins with an introduction to alternating current (AC), that is, alternating current, and segues into a comparison between AC and direct current (DC). This comparison accentuates the complexity of AC as compared with DC due to the use of complex numbers and vectors for complete representation of AC entities and parameters. The chapter provides the reader an introduction to AC electrical transformers of various types: single-phase and three-phase. Electrodeposition plays an important role in the coating operations. In electrodeposition or electroplating scenarios, often the amount of electroplating required is specified in form of the amount of charge that is needed to be transferred in order to achieve a certain thickness of electroplating or electrodeposition. Vector, complex-number-based entities, such as impedance, AC current, and voltage can be expressed or quantified in the following forms: polar or phasor form, rectangular form, sinusoidal or trigonometric form, and exponential form.
