Introduction

The long-term effects of poor nutrition which continues over generations are of much worry globally. Vitamin B₁₂ is only prepared by microorganisms in nature and, hence, is obtained by human beings via their diet. Vitamin B₁₂ deficiency is a usual diagnosis, particularly in older persons. Frequently the deficiency is because of mutations in the genes encoding vital proteins in the diet (vegetarian), cobalamin metabolism and reduced production of stomach acids, which are required for vitamin B₁₂ absorption. Vitamin B₁₂ nasal gel is used against pernicious anaemia and inhibiting other vitamin B₁₂ deficiency. Vitamin B₁₂ is most possibly safe for most persons (e.g. pregnant and breastfeeding women) when applied to the skin, taken via the nose or by mouth, injected intravenously into the vein or administered as a shot.