ABSTRACT
This chapter covers construction considerations that should influence analysis and design input. A specification supplements the design derived from analysis. Local geology and climatic conditions affect specifications and specification standards. Specifications have both owner and contractor risks in quality acceptance. In statistical compliance schemes, there can be two types of errors. An earthworks contractor must make assessments of cut-to-fill quantities, its quality and reuse potential, equipment required to excavate, transport, and place the material to the expected quality standards. The compaction and quality processes are key aspects in any embankment construction, with different materials requiring different compaction equipment. Weathered rock can break down and adopt soil-like properties during compaction. Durability properties affect the long-term performance. This chapter focuses on specifications and material quality control concerns. Case studies are used to illustrate the effect of construction tolerance with an uneven rock surface; earthworks tender considerations; and spatial variation of material.
