ABSTRACT
This chapter presents the operational planning and economic optimization of electric power grids for the efficient and reliable supply of electricity to consumers. The operational planning and economic optimization of integrated electric power grids using MARKAL is presented. Existing grid systems already incorporate elements of smart functionality, but this is mostly used to balance supply and demand using a supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system, which collects data from local controllers in the field (i.e., power generators and smart homes). Then the data are optimized and, after processing, sent back as control commands to the local controllers to monitor and control grid distribution systems. Smart grids that incorporate information and communications technology into every aspect of electricity generation, delivery and consumption in order to reduce costs and minimize environmental impact, enhance markets, improve reliability and service, and improve efficiency are discussed. Smart microgrids, smart microgrids and renewable energy sources, and smart microgrids and smart cities are also presented. The operational planning and economic optimization of integrated electric power grids using genetic algorithms are also presented.
