ABSTRACT
In this chapter the authors discuss how operational amplifiers are used for buffers, inverting amplifiers, non-inverting amplifiers, inverting adders, non-inverting adders, differential amplifiers, instrumentation amplifiers, voltage-to-current converters, current-to-voltage converters, integrators, differential integrators, and differentiators. The non-inverted terminal is grounded and hence the voltage at the inverting terminal is also grounded virtually. The differentiator is more susceptible to noise than the integrator circuit. Input noise fluctuations of small amplitude may have large derivatives; when differentiated, these noise fluctuations may generate a large noise signal at the output, creating poor output signal-to-noise ratio. An inverting amplifier with a gain of 10 is designed using op-amp. .
