ABSTRACT
The oceans have absorbed 90% of the heat increase. The ocean is one thousand times more dense than air and the specific heat of ocean water is about four times that of air. The thermal adjustment of the atmosphere alone is about a month. The thermal adjustment time scales in the ocean are very much longer. The time scale for adjustment of the deep ocean is 1000 years, because the slow circulation of the abyssal ocean limits rate at which its heat can be brought to the surface. The ever changing physical state of atmosphere at any location constitutes the weather. Weather is described in terms of instantaneous values of meteorological elements on surface of the atmosphere and in atmosphere, like temperature, wind, pressure, humidity, state of sky, precipitation, visibility etc. The phenomena of weather and climate have universal jurisdiction and they do not owe fealty to any man or manmade institution.
