ABSTRACT
Climate variability and change pose risks to human health, physical and biological systems, economic, social and cultural systems. They also provide opportunities. Our strategies should aim at reducing the risks and take advantage of the opportunities. The responses from society, particularly adaptations, influence immediate outcomes. Adaptation, thus, is all about building resilience and reducing vulnerability to future climate change which depends on several factors and thus uncertain. Strategies and approaches for adaptation can be classified into two broad categories: ‘top-down’ and ‘bottom-up’ approaches. The top-down approach is a scenario-influenced method, consisting of downscaled climate projections, impact assessments, and formulation of strategies and options. The bottom-up approach, on the other hand, starts with the identification of vulnerabilities, sensitivities, and thresholds for specific sectors or communities. Adaptation is best managed through sound policy and through coordination and cooperation among governments, civil society, and the private sector.
