ABSTRACT
The ocean environment is highly complex as it generates various loads upon the structures constructed in the sea. The environmental loads on offshore structures include wave loads, wind loads, current loads, ice loads, and impact loads. Several complexities that are present in the ocean environment make these load computations highly mathematical and uncertain. Geographical phenomena control the amplitude and period of these loads, which are estimated using different idealized theories and empirical relationships. Further, many of the loads pose a challenge to the hydrodynamic and structural stability of large floating structures. Various researchers have generated many spectrums to represent the sea states. This chapter deals with a broad introduction to various environmental loads on offshore floating structures, risers, and mooring lines. MATLAB® programs are given to generate the governing equations of different spectra. An exercise is given at the end for self-learning.
