ABSTRACT
In the past few years, there has been an increased interest within the science and industry field in developing polymer nanocomposites. This is due to major milestones being made with these materials such as polymeric matrix combination with typically another non-organic nanomaterial. Many aspects of these materials have been improved such as its mechanical strength, electrical and thermal conductivity, stiffness and toughness, remarkable flame retardancy and possessing a high barrier to gases and moisture. There are exclusive design possibilities potential in nanocomposites that possess major advantages in terms of producing materials that have the required properties that could be used for specific applications. Another new possible application is due to its environmentally sustainable properties as it utilises natural resources. The aim of this chapter is to explore the main outlines and recent milestones of the polymer nanocomposite aspects including characterisation technique, production methods, structures, compatibilisation and applications.
The research shall begin with introducing the significant elements pertaining to nanocomposites. Next, discussion is made on the approach upon the various filler types, which are used for reinforcement purposes within the polymeric matrices. Subsequently, there will be a detailed discussion on the nanocomposites’ production methods and structures. Lastly, focus will be made on selected properties and possible applications that have been previously made through the use of polymer nanocomposites. The incorporation of inorganic spherical nanoparticles within polymers paved the way for modifying the physical properties of the polymers. It also allows for the application of new features within the polymer matrix. This chapter will review several characteristics that are exclusive to the inorganic nanoparticles, primary significance synthesis methods for both ceramic nanoparticles and nanocomposites, modification of nanoparticle surface and composites formation that includes related issues. A summary will be made on the nanocomposite’s classical properties including dielectric, thermomechanical, magnetic, conductive and optical properties. Lastly, the chapter will discuss the current and possible applications with emphasis placed on latest and pioneering applications such as the energy storage systems.
