ABSTRACT
This chapter discusses the echo assessment of the pulmonary valve. The causes and clinical features of pulmonary stenosis and regurgitation are described, and approaches to echo assessment are discussed. The grading of pulmonary stenosis severity is described with reference to peak flow velocity. The grading of pulmonary regurgitation severity is described with reference to multiple indicators, including jet size, jet width, jet density, vena contracta, pressure half-time, deceleration time, branch pulmonary artery flow reversal and others.
