ABSTRACT
This chapter discusses the clinical features and echo findings in common examples of congenital heart disease. The different forms of atrial septal defect (secundum, primum, superior sinus venosus and inferior sinus venosus) are described, and how to perform shunt calculations is discussed. Patent foramen ovale is discussed, along with the role of the agitated saline bubble contrast study as a diagnostic tool. The different types of ventricular septal defect (perimembranous, muscular, inlet and outlet) are described. The chapter also considers the key echo features of persistent ductus arteriosus, bicuspid aortic valve, coarctation of the aorta, Ebstein's anomaly and tetralogy of Fallot. A discussion on Eisenmenger physiology is also included.
