ABSTRACT
This chapter considers some of the echo requests that you will see most often and discusses the key points that you need to consider in each case. Topics discussed include echo in the patient with breathlessness, with a consideration of the differential diagnosis. The role of echo in arrhythmias is discussed, with reference to atrial fibrillation and ventricular arrhythmias in particular. Causes of an ejection systolic murmur are described along with their echo evaluation. The role of echo in hypertension, collagen abnormalities, renal failure and stroke is discussed. Normal physiological echo findings in pregnancy, and the role of echo in evaluating pathology during pregnancy, are discussed. The importance of echo in cardio-oncology and in the critical care setting is also covered.
