ABSTRACT
The climate of Libya is Mediterranean along the coast and is extreme desert in the interior. Libya borders Algeria, 982km, Chad, 1,055km, Egypt, 1,115km, Niger, 354km, Sudan, 383km, and Tunisia, 459km. Until Libya achieved independence in 1951, its history was essentially that of tribes, regions, and cities, and of the empires of which it was a part. During a 1970s Annual Meeting of the American Congress on Surveying and Mapping, a geodesist presented a paper on a new grid system that had been implemented in Libya. Libya became an independent nation in 1951 and because no government organization existed that could accomplish mapping on a national scale, local native mapping was non-existent until the Survey Department of Libya was established in 1968. Attempts over the years to request information from the Libyan government regarding geodetic transformation relations have never been answered, so how close these parameters conform to actual conditions is unknown.
