ABSTRACT
Republic of Austria Bordered by Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Liechtenstein, Slovakia, Slovenia, and Switzerland. The highest point is Grossglockner, the lowest point is Neusiedler See. In 1156 the Priviglium Minus elevated Austria to the status of a Duchy. On ascension of the Habsburg dynasty to power, the lands of Vorarlberg were added with Bohemia and Hungary added as provinces to their holdings. The topographic survey of Austria was conducted from 1806 to 1869. The Vienna Datum of 1806 was established based on the origin of St. Stephan Turm. The most common classical datum found in Austria and still used extensively is the Militargeographisches Institut Hermannskogel, Habsburgwarte 1871 Datum.
