ABSTRACT
Monaco is about three times the size of the National Mall in Washington, DC, and it has a 6-km border with France; the lowest point is the Mediterranean Sea, and the highest point is Mont Agel. Monaco remained a protectorate until 1860 when, by the Treaty of Turin at the time of Italy’s unification, Monaco was ceded to France. With unrest in Menton and Roquebrune, the Prince gave up his claim to the two towns (which made up 95% of the Principality at the time) in return for four million francs. The coordinate systems of Monaco are one and the same as France. The Meridian Survey of Picard was, followed by the Meridian Survey of Cassini, the Triangulation of Cassini, the Meridian Survey of France; the Triangulation of the Geographic Engineers applied the Meridian of Delambre and Mechain, and the New Meridian of France.
