ABSTRACT
The Roman province of Mauritania was invaded by Muslims in the 7th century A.D., leading to the founding of the present country of Morocco as an independent kingdom in the 9th century. In 1912, two protectorates were established: French Morocco, on the Atlantic coast which included most of the present country, and Spanish Morocco, on the Mediterranean coast. There were two types of classical triangulation in French Morocco. The original triangulation, the "Reconnaissance Triangulation," was started about 1910 and covered a major portion of the country. The second type of French triangulation commenced in 1922 and is known as the Triangulation Reguliere (regular triangulation). This work was carried out entirely by Topographic Brigades of the Service Geographique de l’Armee (Army Geographic Service), sent from Paris to Morocco. All computations were performed in Paris. During the 19th century, France was the center of cartographic research in the mathematics of map projections.
