ABSTRACT
Sao Tome and Principe is the smallest country in Africa, being more than five times the size of Washington, DC. It has zero land boundaries; its coastline is 209 km long and is measured from claimed archipelagic baselines with a territorial sea of 12 nautical miles. By the early 20th century Sao Tome was one of the world’s largest producers of cocoa. In 1876 slavery was outlawed but was simply replaced with a similar system of forced labor for low wages. De Menezes was re-elected in 2006 in internationally observed, peaceful elections. Some improvements made them operational and were being used in the Sao Tome and Principe Geodetic Mission, also directed by Gago Coutinho, and the first Cape Verde geographical mission.
