ABSTRACT
Following the abolition of slavery, Germany signed a treaty in Togoville with local king Mlapa. Togoland, as the Germans called their colony, underwent considerable economic development, but the Togolese didn’t appreciate the Germans’ brutal 'pacification' campaigns. A Franco–German convention of July 23, 1897, delimited a boundary between German Togoland and the French possessions of Dahomey and Sudan. The line passed northward from the Atlantic Ocean to the 11th parallel between Togoland and Dahomey. Utilizing in part the boundary of the convention of July 23, 1897, a Franco-German declaration of September 28, 1912, delimited the French Sudan-Togoland boundary in detail and is the basis of the alignment of the present Togo-Upper Volta boundary. During the mandate and trusteeship periods, French Togo had its own governmental structure, but British Togoland was administered by the United Kingdom as an integral part of the territory under the Government of the Gold Coast.
