ABSTRACT
The terrain is mostly mountains, high plateaus, deserts in west, plains, deltas, and hills in east. The Chinese civilization spread originally from the Yellow River valley where it probably existed about 3000 B.C. The first valid historical evidence is of the Chou Dynasty. For most of its 3,500 years of history, China led the world in agriculture, crafts, and science. It fell behind in the 19th century when the Industrial Revolution gave the West superiority in military and economic affairs. In 1928, the Central Bureau of Land Survey under the Army General Staff was formed, and First-Order triangulation began in 1929 in Chekiang province. In 1930, the CBLS organized the first training class in photogrammetry in Nanking. In 1931, large-scale triangulation projects were also started in Anhwei, Hunan, Hupeh, Kiangsi, and Kiangsu provinces. Current Grid Systems attributed to the People’s Republic of China find their roots in the Russian origins of assistance.
