ABSTRACT
Estonia is slightly smaller than New Hampshire and Vermont, combined. The republic is comprised mostly of marsh and lowlands; the lowest point is the Baltic Sea, and the highest point is Suur Munamagi. The original Estonians were conquered by the Danes who founded Revel in 1219. Revel is the former name of Tallinn, the current capital of Estonia. The first period of geodetic surveying and mapping in Estonia was from 1845 to 1920. Prior to 1932, the Russian horizontal control (used by Russia) of the Baltic States was always referenced to Dorpat Observatory at Tarbu in Estonia. In 1932 the Russians set up Pulkovo Observatory 1932 as their horizontal datum and origin reference to the Bessel 1841 ellipsoid, and later revised this to Pulkovo 1942, now properly termed "System 42" (datum) referenced to the Krassovsky 1940 ellipsoid. All surveying and mapping is based on geodetic control data.
