ABSTRACT
Primary epilepsy is a congenital disorder with no apparent underling cause. Secondary epilepsy occurs as a result of an underlying diagnosed condition. Birds with seizures should be placed in a small cage or box with a soft substrate (e.g., towels) to prevent falling from height and damaging the wing tips during the attacks. Seizures can lead to regurgitation and aspiration of the crop contents and death. As long as the seizures are not effectively suppressed, oral fluid therapy is too dangerous and therefore contraindicated. In cases of suspected hypocalcemia, treatment is best started immediately. Also, when blood has been taken for the determination of the (ionized) calcium concentration, treatment should be initiated while awaiting results, as hypocalcemia can lead to rapid deterioration and death. Seizures can occur due to hypoxia and/or circulation problems. If hypoxia/cardiovascular diseases have not been ruled out, then birds with epilepsy should be placed in an oxygen cage.
