ABSTRACT

During the fall of 1940, the future of Europe was in the balance. German troops had occupied France and were ready to invade Britain. The German intention was to quickly knock out the British Air Force, to open the way for an invasion over the channel from France. Germany then changed tactics. Instead of an invasion, England would be bombed into submission. A wave of terror bombings lasted for more than six months from the fall of 1940 to May 1941. Tens of thousands were killed by the carpet bombing, entire neighborhoods were smashed to pieces, and whole industries were destroyed. Carrots are important to vision, but perhaps not so dramatically important that they weighed in as Europe’s future hung in the balance in the 1940s. A few years ago, Gehring found an almost identical Pax gene in a group of jellyfish, an animal that belongs to the most primitive forms of multicellular creatures.