ABSTRACT
This chapter discusses the Ecological Effects of Titanium Bioaccumulation and Biomagnification Processes throughout Aquatic Food Webs. The accumulation of titanium (Ti) and titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) in aquatic ecosystems can undergo both bioaccumulation and biomagnification processes. Laboratory studies have observed the transfer of TiO2 NPs between aquatic organisms, but these experiments typically involve simple food chains with limited complexity. Some findings indicate the transfer of TiO2 NPs from primary consumers to higher trophic levels, although biomagnification factors are often below one, suggesting limited biomagnification. However, aquatic organisms can accumulate TiO2 NPs via both dietary and aqueous exposure, with potentially significant implications for higher trophic levels. Ecosystem-level studies are essential to understand the extent of Ti and TiO2 NP transfer in complex food webs, as it has implications for both ecological and human health effects. Some studies suggest biodilution, while others indicate bioaccumulation and biomagnification. Sediments play a crucial role in the fate of Ti and TiO2 NPs in aquatic ecosystems, acting as a source for local invertebrates and influencing exposure dynamics. These studies underscore the complexity of metal behavior in aquatic ecosystems and the need for further research to fully comprehend its ecological impacts.
