ABSTRACT
This chapter discusses Titanium physico-chemical properties. This versatile transition metal occupies a pivotal role in modern science and industry. With atomic number 22, atomic weight 47.867, and an electronic configuration of [Ar]3d24s2, its remarkable properties set it apart. Boasting the highest strength-to-weight ratio among metals, it has a Mohs hardness of 6 and is non-magnetic, displaying only paramagnetic behavior. Impurities or alloying can induce weak ferromagnetic or antiferromagnetic properties. Titanium's isotopic composition includes stable and unstable variants, with the primary 4+ oxidation state being highly prevalent. This element forms various compounds, including the widely employed titanium dioxide (TiO2). Titanium's strength, low density, and resistance to extreme conditions make it five times stronger than aluminum, akin in strength to steel, and highly resistant to temperature and pressure extremes. Its biocompatibility has spurred applications in medical fields. These unique attributes position titanium as an indispensable material, used in diverse industries, from aerospace to healthcare. In extreme environments, such as space and deep-sea exploration, titanium's prowess shines, making it a material of choice for critical applications.
