ABSTRACT
Crystals are the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms. The unit cell or primitive cell is the smallest building unit of a three-dimensional lattice. The number of atoms per unit cell in a simple cubic, body centered cubic and face centered cubic are 1, 2, and 4 respectively. A lattice plane is defined with miller indices and a particular lattice plane is denoted by hkl. Powder diffractometer is used to know diffraction pattern. The structures similar to cubic ZnS are CuF, SiC, CuCl, and AgI. The mineral fluorite CaF2 possess the structure in which eight tetrahedral interstitial sites are occupied by F- ions and regular sites are occupied by Ca2+. In the rutile structure of TiO2, Ti is fixed at the corner and body center. MgAl2O4 is an example of spinel. The type of silicate glass possesses regular network of SiO4 tetrahedron in a random arrangement. The most commonly used glasses are inorganic silicates,and borates. All glasses are amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids. Structure, property and application has also been dealt with.
