ABSTRACT
The chapter includes a collection of analytical methods that describe the performance of tunnels during construction and operation. While limited in their applicability due to some of the assumptions made in their derivation, closed-form solutions provide the means for a quick quantitative estimate of the interaction between ground, excavation and support, and provide a simple framework where such interaction can be evaluated and presented in a rational manner. The contents of the chapter are organized around three main sections. The first section includes analytical methods developed for two-dimensional problems. The second section provides a discussion on how to incorporate face effects, e.g. three-dimensional effects, into two-dimensional problems. The third section summarizes the most important points and provides recommendations for the use of the analytical solutions presented in the chapter.
