ABSTRACT
The objective of this chapter is to discuss the design of tunnels in seismic areas, pressure tunnels, tunnels in rockburst areas, and tunnels in swelling ground. The chapter is organized in sections around each of these topics. The first section describes the modes of seismic loading on tunnels and provides analytical and numerical approaches for the seismic design of tunnels. The second section deals with pressure tunnels. It includes a discussion of the problems associated with internal water pressure and water leaks and discusses design approaches to determine the stability of the tunnels. The third section provides a description of the different types of rockburst and the sources of rockburst. It also includes information about support strategies that are used to prevent or mitigate the damage associated with rockbursting. The fourth section deals with problems when tunneling in swelling and squeezing ground. It includes information about the physicochemical reactions with water responsible for the phenomenon and includes case histories where large tunnel deformations or loading occurred due to swelling. At the end of each section, a short summary and discussion/recommendations from the authors are provided.
