ABSTRACT
Polymers of biological origin are not only synthesized and catabolized by microorganisms but also by animals and plants. Microorganisms, with their enzymatic reactions, can easily degrade biopolymers giving the least chance for the accumulation of toxic chemicals in the environment, thereby allowing restoration of the ecosystem. Biopolymeric products formed through the aggregation of monomeric units cause various functions in the producing organisms. The biopolymers of Type 1 are the most common in the environment and are extracted from marine and agricultural animals and plants, such as: Starch, Cellulose, and Chitosan. Lignin is hydrophobic aromatic complex compound most commonly found in wood and integral part of plants’ secondary cell wall. It is an abundant organic polymer on earth next to cellulose. The yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) cells are spherical or ellipsoidal with a diameter of 25 m. Plants produce a range of biopolymers for purposes such as maintenance of structural integrity, carbon storage, and defense against pathogens and desiccation.
