ABSTRACT
This chapter presents an effective formulation tailored for electromagnetic-TCAD (technology computer-aided design) coupled simulations for extremely high frequency ranges and beyond. Advanced high-speed integrated circuits (ICs), such as RF/photonic ICs, represent a complicated electromagnetic system generally consisting of metal or polysilicon interconnects, various semiconductor material systems, and surrounding media. The objective of coupled simulation is to model and emulate various components of on-chip structures within a uniform framework without differentiation in the level of abstraction and/or modeling methodology. The chapter presents a framework of coupled simulation characterized by using V and E as basic variables, called the E-V formulation or solver henceforth, in the problem formulation, and by using a modified gauge condition as the equation of V in metals and insulators. Boundary conditions for the E-V solver are derived from its A-V counterpart through the transformation relation.
