ABSTRACT
Political economy of organization is the interconnection of political and economic environment of organizational survival. Network theory can be utilized to understand formal contractual relationships among member organizations and affiliations which suggest informal inter-organizational relationships that flow through people using tools such as director interlocks and employee mobility that crosses organizational boundaries. Institutional theory examines the deep and flexible aspects of social structure. The broader subject matter of institutional theory explores social structure and order, conflict, consensus, and conformity. Stakeholder theory refers to a broader set of social responsibilities. With the utilization of governance theory, the chapter examines International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) bureaucracy and its influence on environmental governance in global or country-specific environmental policy formation, as well as the complexity of governance within IUCN. Global governance theory can be used in almost any example where actors from the international level engage nation-states in nation-building efforts or related shared governance issues.
