ABSTRACT
This chapter presents useful signal processing algorithms and methods for time of arrival (TOA)-based positioning systems. Using carrier phase for opportunistic TOA positioning is suitable for existing narrow band communication systems, such as those used in wireless video capsule endoscopy inside the human body, and in positioning in open areas where the multipath is negligible. In the multipath of the urban and indoor areas, wide band ranging algorithms are preferable. The chapter also presents various algorithms for direction of arrival estimation in multipath using multicarrier signals. The recursive least square (RLS) algorithm is suitable for a small number of multipath arrivals and carrier frequencies. For a large number of carriers, RLS faces convergence problem and it is easier to use peak detection algorithm using inverse Fourier transform to estimate the TOA. Using duality of time and frequency property of Fourier transform, the chapter examines all spectral estimation algorithms for multi-carrier measurements of TOA.
