ABSTRACT
Smart cities are systems of systems (SoS), that is, a set of independent systems that together can deliver broader functionalities as the combination of individual functionalities offered by the constituent systems. SoS have a dynamic/evolutionary architecture, which means that constituents can join or leave the SoS at runtime, potentially impacting on the SoS architecture and the emergent behaviors being delivered. If one or more of those pivotal constituents leave the SoS at runtime, this can bring serious problems. Since SoS support critical systems, eventual failures can cause financial damage, accidents, and other serious injuries to the users. Then, it is paramount to assure, still at design-time, the consequences of changes made at the SoS architecture at runtime and actions to mitigate eventual problems. This chapter addresses simulation, a consolidated technology that represents the state of the art in systems engineering to provide reliability for SoS.
