ABSTRACT
The oceans contain about 97% of all water on Earth. Beneficial freshwater uses include manufacturing, food production, domestic and public needs, recreation, hydroelectric power production, and flood control. This chapter discusses water source calculations that are typically used by water treatment operators in the operation of waterworks reservoirs, storage ponds, and lakes. It presents additional example math problems on algicide application. The chapter also discusses specific well calculations: well drawdown, well yield, specific yield, well casing disinfection, and deep well turbine pump capacity. Precipitation of iron and manganese from water in their solid forms can be effected in treatment plants by adjusting the pH of the water by adding lime or other chemicals. Iron and manganese are most likely found in groundwater supplies, industrial waste, and acid mine drainage and as by-products of pipeline corrosion.
