ABSTRACT
The primary goals of wastewater treatment ponds focus on simplicity and flexibility of operation, protection of the water environment, and protection of public health. Moreover, ponds are relatively easy to build and manage, they accommodate large fluctuations in flow, and they can also provide treatment that approaches conventional systems at a much lower cost. This chapter describes the calculations used for determining the area, volume, and flow rate parameters that are crucial in making treatment pond calculations. The calculations include hydraulic detention time, BOD loading, organic loading rate, BOD removal efficiency, population loading, and hydraulic loading rate. The actual degree of treatment provided in a pond depends on the type and number of ponds used. Ponds can be used as the sole type of treatment, or they can be used in conjunction with other forms of wastewater treatment—that is, other treatment processes followed by a pond, or a pond followed by other treatment processes. v.
