ABSTRACT
The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) provides the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC). RDoC is dimensional and it works from the ground up, starting with brain–behavior relations, and linking those to clinical symptoms. RDoC spans multiple domains—including positive and negative valience systems—and units of analysis, including genes, molecules, cells, circuits, physiology, behaviors, self-reports, and paradigms.
Psychophysiological measures include electroencephalography (EEG), event-related potential (ERP), (functional) magnetic resonance imaging (f)MRI, computerized axial tomography (CAT), magnetoencephalography (MEG), functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), electrocardiography (ECG/EKG), electromyography (EMG), electrooculography (EOG), eyetracking, and actigraphy. Psychophysiological measures are not invulnerable to issues of reliability and validity. Another consideration of psychophysiological measures is how to handle the rich data without increasing Type I errors.
Ambulatory assessment is designed to acquire minimally disruptive measures of a person engaging in normal activities in their natural environment. Ambulatory assessment allows rich measurement including, for example, audio, pictures, video, geolocation (global positioning system [GPS]), and physical activity (accelerometer). Ambulatory biosensors are assessment tools that measure physiological or motor activity—e.g., cardiovascular activity (e.g., heart rate and blood pressure), physical activity (e.g., actigraph and pedometer), cortisol levels, respiration, muscle tension, blood glucose, skin conductance. Virtual reality is an emerging approach.
