Cement, Concrete and Clay

This chapter outlines the efforts that the cement and concrete industry is making to reduce its large CO₂ output. A wide range of emerging alternatives to ordinary Portland cement-based concrete are being developed. Some products are based on the by or co-products from steel and other industries. Various carbon-capturing processes and the use of novel reinforcement materials are described together with specialist products such as photoluminescent and light-transmitting concrete.

Content s

Introduction xxx

Portland cement xxx

Alternative low carbon cements xxx

Supplementary cementitious materials xxx

Limestone calcined clay cement xxx

Alkali-activated materials / geopolymers xxx

Magnesium oxide cement xxx

Carbon neutral cement xxx

Recycled concrete cement xxx

Biochar admixture xxx

Carbon-capturing cement xxx

Programmable cement xxx

Ferrock xxx

Future cement industry developments xxx

Concrete reinforcement materials xxx

Graphene and alternative fibres xxx

Recycled fibres xxx

Ashcrete xxx

Hempcrete xxx

Timbercrete xxx

Sugarcrete xxx

3D-Printed formwork xxx

Bendable concrete xxx

Permeable concrete xxx

Self-healing concrete xxx

Biomineralized concrete xxx

Concrete canvas xxx

Pigmented concrete xxx

Electrically conductive concrete xxx

Magnetiseable concrete xxx

Light transmitting concrete xxx

Light reflecting concrete xxx

Photoluminescent aggregate concrete xxx

Smart concrete xxx

Bioreceptive concrete xxx

Photocatalytic concrete xxx

Titanium dioxide surface treatment xxx

Cob and rammed-earth construction xxx

3D-Printed mineral foam construction xxx

3D-Printed clay construction xxx

References xxx