ABSTRACT
The advances in technology for only removing pollutants from wastewater and discharging it are a thing of the past. Recently, apart from treating municipal wastewater, a significant focus has been provided on developing technologies to recover resources in the form of nutrients, energy, metals, and reclaim or reuse waste. One of the most essential components of sustainable development and the circular economy is the recuperation of resources. Although the recovery of resources may seem very lucrative, it is essential to assess the market potential of these products. Furthermore, it is essential to carry out the treatment and recovery in a sustainable manner. In this context, life cycle assessment (LCA) has been discussed in this chapter to evaluate the sustainability of a treatment process. Furthermore, the different methods for recovering nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorous), energy (heat, electricity, biofuels, and others), and other essential products have been discussed in this chapter. The chapter also discusses the different steps taken by treatment plants in different parts of the world to reuse reclaimed water for potable and non-potable purposes.
