ABSTRACT
The formation of sludge and biosolids during the wastewater treatment process is one of the main concerns. The strength of the wastewater, the extent of treatment, and the type of chemicals employed in the treatment all affect how much sludge is produced in conventional sewage treatment plants. Based on the type of treatment, the sludge produced at various phases of the treatment plant may have varied characteristics. Furthermore, untreated sludge may develop anaerobic conditions and emit a foul stench, posing health risks. The volume of sludge produced and its detrimental effects highlight the need for effective sludge management. Therefore, sewage sludge must be processed and disposed of by all STPs. Sludge treatment aims to reduce volume while stabilizing the organic components. The stabilized sludge does not have a foul odor and can be easily disposed of. Sludge thickening, stabilization, conditioning, dewatering, processing, reduction, and disposal are the main processes in the sludge processing process. The properties of several types of sludge generated by STPs have been discussed in this chapter. Additionally, the various sludge processing systems have been outlined. This chapter has also discussed the impending innovative sludge processing methods.
