ABSTRACT
Energy markets are dominated by petroleum and natural gas, which are the world’s primary fuels. Petroleum and natural gas are major industries within the energy market since they are the world’s primary fuel sources. This chapter discusses the various sectors of the oil and gas industry, including exploration, drilling, production, metering, transportation, storage, refining, and petrochemical plants. Generally, the oil and gas industries are divided into three segments: upstream, midstream, and downstream. Hydrocarbon processing and production facilities consist of the following components: production and processing units; metering, storage, and dispatching facilities. Then there are utilities required by the production facility, such as electricity, water, and heat. An oil refinery or petroleum refinery is an industrial facility that transforms crude oil (petrol) into products such as gasoline, diesel fuel, asphalt base, fuel oils, heating oil, kerosene, liquefied petroleum gas, and petroleum naphtha. The term petrochemical plant refers to an establishment engaged in the processing of chemicals derived from petroleum.
