ABSTRACT
In this chapter, the authors introduce the concept of empiricism, or why science needs observations and experiments. Interestingly, the use of hypotheses means that the people are constraining capacity to obtain knowledge by their intellectual ability to generate hypotheses. A common misconception is that statistical analysis starts after the data has been collected. Actually, statistics starts way before the people collect data or perform any experiments. The distribution under the null hypothesis is represented in the graphical method for the hare and tortoise speed samples. The fact that science progresses via hypothesis testing doesn't mean that science is all about hypothesis testing. However, there is an increasing tendency to believe that by generating data alone without testing hypotheses, the people can make a substantial progress in science.
